Staphylococcus aureus Lipoteichoic Acid Inhibits Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation via the Paf Receptor

AK Waller, T Sage, C Kumar, T Carr… - The Journal of …, 2013 - academic.oup.com
AK Waller, T Sage, C Kumar, T Carr, JM Gibbins, SR Clarke
The Journal of infectious diseases, 2013academic.oup.com
Impaired healing is common in wounds infected with the major human pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here,
we show that S. aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA) inhibits platelet aggregation caused by
physiological agonists and S. aureus and reduced platelet thrombus formation in vitro. The
presence of D-alanine on LTA is necessary for the full inhibitory effect. Inhibition of
aggregation was blocked using a monoclonal anti-platelet activating factor receptor (PafR) …
Abstract
Impaired healing is common in wounds infected with the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that S. aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA) inhibits platelet aggregation caused by physiological agonists and S. aureus and reduced platelet thrombus formation in vitro. The presence of D-alanine on LTA is necessary for the full inhibitory effect. Inhibition of aggregation was blocked using a monoclonal anti-platelet activating factor receptor (PafR) antibody and Ginkgolide B, a well-defined PafR antagonist, demonstrating that the LTA inhibitory signal occurs via PafR. Using a cyclic AMP (cAMP) assay and a Western blot for phosphorylated VASP, we determined that cAMP levels increase upon platelet incubation with LTA, an effect which inhibits platelet activation. This was blocked when platelets were preincubated with Ginkgolide B. Furthermore, LTA reduced hemostasis in a mouse tail-bleed assay.
Oxford University Press