Hepatitis B is a small enveloped DNA virus that poses a major hazard to human health. The crystal structure of the T=4 capsid has been solved at 3.3 Å resolution, revealing a largely helical protein fold that is unusual for icosahedral viruses. The monomer fold is stabilized by a hydrophobic core that is highly conserved among human viral variants. Association of two amphipathic α-helical hairpins results in formation of a dimer with a four-helix bundle as the major central feature. The capsid is assembled from dimers via interactions involving a highly conserved region near the C terminus of the truncated protein used for crystallization. The major immunodominant region lies at the tips of the α-helical hairpins that form spikes on the capsid surface.