Purpose: To verify if exposure to antihypertensive drugs was associated to prostate cancer (PC) risk.

Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study using record linkage between two population-based databases. We defined exposure as a binary variable and in terms of timing and cumulative duration of use. We controlled for detection bias and Aspirin use.

Results: Among the 2221 cases and 11,105 controls, use of any antihypertensive agent was associated with an adjusted relative risk of PC of 0.98 (CI, 0.88–1.08). Of the different classes of antihypertensives, only beta-blockers (BBs) were associated with a reduction in PC risk (OR = 0.86, CI = 0.77–0.96). In those who cumulated <1, 1–4, and ≥4 years of BB use, the risk was 0.89 (0.75–1.05), 0.91 (0.75–1.09), and 0.82 (0.69–0.96), respectively. Also, subjects with ≥4 years of alpha-blocker (ABs) use had a non-significant 25% reduction in PC risk.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that BBs and long-term use of ABs may prevent PC whereas calcium channel blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors do not influence PC risk.