Objective

The purpose of this paper is (1) to summarize what is known of factors that inuence achieving the full genetic potential for skeletal mass, both positive and negative;(2) to identify action items based on differences between what could be done and what is actually happening for those factors with an established effect on bone mass development; and (3) to outline a research agenda consisting of pressing questions for which there are currently no adequate answers. Our objective is to provide a thorough, but not necessarily exhaustive review of the evidence bearing on this important topic so as to provide a rm base for the development of both public policy and public information programs.