In recent years, the sequencing of mammalian and microbial genomes has provided the
opportunity to study how genetic variation in the host and pathogen influence the course of
infectious disease. In the case of HIV-1 infection, such studies have led to identification of
key viral proteins that determine pathogenicity, immune evasion, or drug resistance. In
addition, candidate gene association studies have uncovered a large number of host
genetic variants that influence the outcome of infection and some organ-specific …