Vaccines are a crucial tool for the mpox elimination goal but must be integrated as part of a broader strategy that prioritizes key aspects of research and public health. Surveillance, diagnostics, characterizing the mpox reservoir, understanding the role of presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission, and research funding for these are important prerequisites for planning. Successful implementation of an elimination strategy must be centered on equitable access to vaccines and therapeutics as well as on fighting stigma and protecting vulnerable communities that are most impacted by mpox.